Literary Works
Welcome to my collection of published work. For more information, or to commission an article, please send me a message through the Contact page.
When to Prune Daphne?
06/22/2011
When to Prune Daphne? Daphnes encompass a variety of shrubs or bushes that range from evergreen to deciduous. Their flowers provide a pleasing fragrance and their leaves add texture to any garden. Different Daphne varieties tolerate different zones and climates worldwide. If you are considering adding a Daphne to your home garden, you may be...
Continue ReadingEquity Vs. Basis in a Partnership
06/22/2011
Equity Vs. Basis in a Partnership. Federal rules and regulations governing partnerships allow taxpayers working together in a joint business venture a certain degree of financial flexibility. Partners share in the business's profits and losses based on their individual contributions to the partnership. To understand each partner's profits and...
Continue ReadingCan I Deduct Changing to Double Pane Windows in Arizona?
06/21/2011
Can I Deduct Changing to Double Pane Windows in Arizona? The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created six new credits to encourage taxpayers to make energy efficient improvements to their homes, businesses and cars. The residential energy credit covers energy efficient improvements that taxpayers made on their homes in 2009 and 2010....
Continue ReadingWhat Is the Procedure to Calculate Depreciation on Residential or Commercial Real Estate?
06/20/2011
What Is the Procedure to Calculate Depreciation on Residential or Commercial Real Estate? Depreciating residential and commercial real estate allows landlords and business owners to deduct part of the cost of the property from their taxes each year. This tax deduction exists to compensate property owners for the deterioration and normal wear and...
Continue ReadingDoes Renter's Insurance Cover a Fallen Tree?
06/20/2011
Does Renter's Insurance Cover a Fallen Tree? If a fire damages your rented apartment or home, or a thief breaks in and steals your belongings, you expect your renters insurance to reimburse you for your loss. You may wonder whether your renters insurance will cover you if a tornado or thunderstorm causes a tree to fall on your home. It is good to...
Continue ReadingHow to Become a Title One Teacher in Illinois
06/20/2011
How to Become a Title One Teacher in Illinois. The Title I program provides funding to schools with at-risk student populations. At-risk conditions include high-poverty areas, limited English proficiency, migratory lifestyles, delinquent students, children with disabilities and students who are neglected or require extra reading assistance. The No...
Continue ReadingWhat Is a Prunus Armeniaca Seed?
06/20/2011
What Is a Prunus Armeniaca Seed? Prunus armeniaca, also known as the apricot, is in the same family as the apple, pear and peach, though it is most closely related to the plum. The Chinese are the first civilization known to have cultivated apricots approximately 3,000 years ago. Apricots then gained popularity in Europe, thanks to the Romans, who...
Continue ReadingWhat Are the Procedures to Be a Licensed Building Contractor in Hammond, Indiana?
06/19/2011
What Are the Procedures to Be a Licensed Building Contractor in Hammond, Indiana? Licensing and registration as a building contractor has several common elements nationwide, though some are unique to Hammond, Indiana. Typically, contractors are awarded a contract prior to licensing. You begin licensing by gathering the required documentation,...
Continue ReadingPlant Size of Super Sweet 100 & Sun Gold Tomatoes
06/18/2011
Plant Size of Super Sweet 100 & Sun Gold Tomatoes. Tomatoes are relatively easy to grow because they perform equally well in garden beds and planters or pots. There are many different varieties available, from large beefsteak tomatoes to tiny cherry tomatoes, so you are sure to find a variety that meets your needs. Cherry tomatoes, such as Super...
Continue ReadingWhat Is the Max Income You Can Make to Still Eligible for Welfare?
06/17/2011
What Is the Max Income You Can Make to Still Eligible for Welfare? The welfare system for the United States is regulated by each individual state. Though the states base their qualification levels on the federal poverty guideline, it is up to each state to determine the qualifications for its welfare program. State programs typically look at the...
Continue ReadingThe Salary of Illinois State Troopers
06/17/2011
The Salary of Illinois State Troopers. Illinois state troopers have been protecting Illinois roads and highways since 1922. They respond to emergencies and enforce criminal and motor vehicle safety laws. Illinois state trooper uniforms include a shoulder patch that represents their integrity, pride and service. Becoming an Illinois state trooper...
Continue ReadingWhat Percentage of My Internet Expense Can I Write Off for Taxes?
06/16/2011
What Percentage of My Internet Expense Can I Write Off for Taxes? The amount of your internet bill that you can write off on your taxes depends on your personal tax situation. If you use your internet purely for personal reasons, you may find that none of the bill qualifies as a tax deduction. Self-employed individuals and/or those who have a home...
Continue ReadingUnfiled Tax Problems
06/16/2011
Unfiled Tax Problems. With only a few exceptions, anyone with gross income in the United States is required to file a federal tax return. If you are required to file but do not file a return, you may face fines, penalties and even criminal convictions with the possibility of jail time. It is important to know whether you are required to file, and...
Continue ReadingIf I File the Previous Year's Taxes Will the IRS Stop Garnishment?
06/16/2011
If I File the Previous Year's Taxes Will the IRS Stop Garnishment? If you owe a tax debt to the IRS and do not arrange a payment plan and make payments toward your debt, the IRS can seize your property to pay for the debt. This includes seizing your house, car or other property, or garnishing your wages, bank account, retirement account or other...
Continue ReadingFHA Guidelines for the Time Limit to Own a Property Before You Rent
06/15/2011
FHA Guidelines for the Time Limit to Own a Property Before You Rent. Whether your family outgrew the home or you need to relocate for work, you may have many reasons for renting out your home. If you purchased your home with an FHA insured mortgage, you must meet certain FHA rules and regulations before you can begin looking for a tenant.
Continue ReadingCan I Sell My Car Without a Title in Illinois?
06/15/2011
Can I Sell My Car Without a Title in Illinois? Selling a car without a title in Illinois may be risky. The title is the legal record of all claims and releases made on titled property. Federal and state laws require a title indicating the name and signatures of buyers and sellers when selling a car. Assuming a written bill of sale and proper tax...
Continue ReadingWhen to Bleed a Gas Hose?
06/15/2011
When to Bleed a Gas Hose? Any time a high-pressure fuel system is opened for service, air is introduced into the fuel hose. Bleeding, which requires running fluid through the hose, will eliminate air from the system and help reduce vehicle stalling and intermittent operation problems. The fuel system must be bled to prevent these hazardous...
Continue ReadingCan Being Audited by the IRS Affect Your Job?
06/14/2011
Can Being Audited by the IRS Affect Your Job? The Internal Revenue Service audits for many reasons. Receiving notification of an audit does not necessarily mean an error has been made. Nevertheless, getting audited by the IRS can seem like a frightening experience. You may have questions about what to expect, how much time the audit will take,...
Continue ReadingHow to Install Driver's Side Windows in a 1999 Chevy Blazer
03/09/2011
How to Install Driver's Side Windows in a 1999 Chevy Blazer. With tools and the right replacement parts you can install a driver's side window in your Chevy Blazer. Though there are a few different models and body styles, such as two- and four-door, the procedure is the same. If you have basic auto repair knowledge, the proper tools, a comfortable...
Continue ReadingHow to Turn Your Android Phone Into a Wi-Fi Hot Spot
02/23/2011
How to Turn Your Android Phone Into a Wi-Fi Hot Spot. Have you ever wanted to use the Internet from your phone on other devices? With the Google Android operating system, it can be done. If you have Android 2.2, this feature is already built in. You only need to know how to use it. Understanding how to use this tool will protect your privacy, allow...
Continue ReadingHow to Replace Head Studs on a VW Beetle
06/04/2011
How to Replace Head Studs on a VW Beetle. Intensive air-cooled Volkswagen maintenance, such as replacing head studs, is an involved procedure that requires several hours' time, tools and expertise. Head studs work in tension to hold both engine heads to the engine block and hold the engine head to the cylinder sleeves and block. Head stud mounting...
Continue ReadingHow to Hook Up an Antenna to a Single Wire Radio
06/04/2011
How to Hook Up an Antenna to a Single Wire Radio. Single-wire radios with long-wire antennas date to the very beginnings of radio. Early radios were primitive, consisting of a tuner and a detector with little or no amplification. Early radios, which included crystal set radios, typically used long-wire antennas to collect as much radio frequency...
Continue ReadingHow to Layout an Electrical Plan
06/04/2011
How to Layout an Electrical Plan. Home renovations and home theater projects need an electrical plan, which identifies the location, size, type and quantity of the outlets, switches and controls. This is a valuable tool to coordinate and verify proper installation and operation of your lighting and audio-video equipment. Electrical plans also have...
Continue ReadingHow to Band a Duck's Wings
06/03/2011
How to Band a Duck's Wings. Leg and wing banding of poultry provides a means of identifying individual birds, much like the use of identification tags on a dog's collar. Poultry owners register the bird's number, and record the type of bird, breed, coloration and the name of the original breeder. These numbers help recover lost or stolen poultry.
Continue ReadingHow to Use a Crochet Tube
06/03/2011
How to Use a Crochet Tube. Crochet tubes, also called knitting spools, are used to make ropes out of yarn, twine or string. These ropes are perfect for making other crafts such as pot holders, rugs and rag dolls. You can buy a knitting spool at a craft or fabric store, or you can fashion one yourself using an empty spool and several nails. The more...
Continue ReadingHow to Make a Project Barometer
06/02/2011
How to Make a Project Barometer. Barometers, first invented in 1643, measure changes in barometric pressure, also known as air pressure. Low barometric pressure brings stormy weather while high barometric pressure brings sunny, dry weather. Meteorologists, sometimes called weather men, have used barometers for centuries to predict the weather by...
Continue ReadingPoint Perspective Projects for Elementary
06/02/2011
Point Perspective Projects for Elementary. Point perspective helps artists draw realistic three-dimensional objects. Drawings are typically created using one-, two- or three-point perspective. Each type of point perspective creates a different view and provides the illusion of distance and height on a flat page. While point perspective relies on...
Continue ReadingChemistry Projects for Diffusion in Liquids
06/02/2011
Chemistry Projects for Diffusion in Liquids. Diffusion is the process through which molecules, or tiny particles of a substance, move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It explains why a spoonful of sugar dissolves evenly in a cup of tea, sweetening the entire beverage. The sugar molecules spread over time and...
Continue ReadingInstructions for the Octopus LX2000
06/02/2011
Instructions for the Octopus LX2000. The Super Reef Octopus LX2000 is a protein skimmer designed to hang on the back of a saltwater aquarium. Protein skimmers use tiny air bubbles to collect and filter out organic waste before it has a chance to contaminate the tank. The Octopus LX2000 is considered to be one of the more simple protein skimmers to...
Continue ReadingHow to Build a Tangram
06/02/2011
How to Build a Tangram. A tangram is an ancient Chinese puzzle made of seven geometric shapes, called tans, that are flipped, rotated and combined to create a certain shape or design. To solve a tangram puzzle, you are given a design and have to determine how to use all seven tans to copy that shape. Currently, tangrams are used not only as puzzles...
Continue ReadingHow to Identify Indoor Orb Weaver Spiders in Utah
06/02/2011
How to Identify Indoor Orb Weaver Spiders in Utah. Orb weaver spiders, which seldom bite and are harmless to humans, are well known for their large, round webs. At least 12 species of orb weavers are found in Utah, and though most orb weavers prefer to string their webs between trees or shrubs, they can also be found building webs in corners of...
Continue ReadingTypes of Chinese Pottery in America
06/02/2011
Types of Chinese Pottery in America. Pottery, which has been produced in China for thousands of years, varies from the functional and practical to the decorative and delicate. Many fine examples of Chinese ceramics and pottery are on display in museums and galleries throughout the Americas. One fine collection, the Art of Asia at the Minneapolis...
Continue ReadingHow to Crochet a Doll's Blouse
06/01/2011
How to Crochet a Doll's Blouse. Handmade doll clothes make good gifts for children and doll collectors alike. Many children also enjoy the opportunity to learn to crochet clothes for their dolls. This skill not only gives them a fun and portable craft, but also leads to a lifetime of handmade gift ideas that they can create and give to friends and...
Continue ReadingProjects on the Characteristics of Living Things
06/01/2011
Projects on the Characteristics of Living Things. All living things display certain characteristics or traits that differ from the traits of nonliving things. Allowing your students to explore and learn through inquiry-based projects helps them retain the new material. Though some of the traits are complex and best studied by older students, there...
Continue ReadingHow to Crochet a Barbie Gown
06/01/2011
How to Crochet a Barbie Gown. Many children and collectors enjoy dressing Barbie dolls in dresses and ensembles for every occasion. Though there are countless miniature outfits available to dress up a Barbie, making a handmade one-of-a-kind gown for your Barbie is a great way to outfit her for a night on the town. With some yarn or crochet thread...
Continue ReadingHow to Form a Parallelogram Tangram
05/28/2011
How to Form a Parallelogram Tangram. Tangrams are sets of seven geometrical shapes called tans, including two large right isosceles triangles, one medium right isosceles triangle, two small right isosceles triangles, one square and one rhomboid parallelogram. You can flip, rotate and arrange them to create other shapes or pictures. Parallelograms...
Continue ReadingHow to Find a Breed of Chicken
05/27/2011
How to Find a Breed of Chicken. With more than 100 breeds of chickens to choose from, selecting the right breed and then finding a breeder may seem like a daunting task. The right breed for you depends on the purpose behind raising chickens. Some breeds excel at egg productions, some are bred typically for meat, some for show and others excel in...
Continue ReadingHow to Breed Clown Fish in an Aquarium
05/27/2011
How to Breed Clown Fish in an Aquarium. Clown fish, also known as anemone fish, are a good choice for beginners interested in breeding saltwater fish. The fish have a reputation for being relatively simple to breed in captivity. Though clown fish require an anemone for breeding in the wild, if they are kept in a tank without any other aggressive...
Continue ReadingHow to Coat a Coin for a Lab in High School Chemistry
05/27/2011
How to Coat a Coin for a Lab in High School Chemistry. One common high school chemistry lab experiment involves coating a penny with the alloy brass by combining the copper of the penny with zinc. The resulting product, a penny that appears to be made of gold, provides a keepsake that can get the students talking about science when they go home to...
Continue ReadingHow to Get the Bobbin Casing Out of a Shark Intelli-Sew
05/26/2011
How to Get the Bobbin Casing Out of a Shark Intelli-Sew. The Shark Intelli-Sew 9110 sewing machine is a computerized programmable sewing machine capable of creating dozens of stitches in countless materials. Although the computer settings make this machine seem daunting to some, taking the time to become familiar with the capabilities of your new...
Continue ReadingHow to Convert Displaced Water to Volume
05/26/2011
How to Convert Displaced Water to Volume. Finding the volume of a regular three-dimensional object, such as a cube with 2-inch sides, is straightforward and involves multiplying the length by the width by the height. With an irregularly shaped object, the formula for volume is not readily apparent. Water displacement is a useful method for...
Continue ReadingS-Video Cable Advantages
05/26/2011
S-Video Cable Advantages. With all of the cable choices available for connecting TVs to VCRs, DVD players, DVRs and gaming consoles, it can be difficult to decide which is best. While each type of cable has its pros and cons, there are several marked advantages to the use of S-video cables over the older composite video cables.
Continue ReadingHow to Fill a Bobbin on a Singer Merritt 2404 Sewing Machine
05/26/2011
How to Fill a Bobbin on a Singer Merritt 2404 Sewing Machine. The Singer Merritt 2404 sewing machine performs many functions and dozens of stitches, allowing the user to switch between a variety of fabrics. When switching fabrics, it is important to use the appropriate thread strength, both in the needle and the bobbin. Though it is possible to buy...
Continue ReadingThe Ways to Make an Edible Cell
05/23/2011
The Ways to Make an Edible Cell. Creating an edible cell model is a good weekend project that can make learning enjoyable for your child and impress your child's science teacher. Using gelatin or cake mix with fruits, nuts, candy, frosting and sample images of cells you and your child can create edible three-dimensional models of both plant and...
Continue ReadingHow to Crochet a Children's Zipper Vest
05/23/2011
How to Crochet a Children's Zipper Vest. Handmade items, such as crocheted blankets, scarves or clothes, can make meaningful gifts. Learning a few basic stitches opens the door to a wide range of craft ideas that can keep your loved ones warm and cozy. Create a zipper vest in a child's size 6 using only basic slip, single and double crochet...
Continue ReadingHow to Make a Trapezoid Tangram
05/20/2011
How to Make a Trapezoid Tangram. Tangrams are sets of seven geometrical shapes consisting of one square, one parallelogram, two small right isosceles triangles, one medium right isosceles triangle and two large right isosceles triangles. All seven shapes arrange into a square. Math teachers use tangrams to teach geometric principles in an...
Continue ReadingHow to Insert the Needle in a Model #7444 Singer Sewing Machine
05/19/2011
How to Insert the Needle in a Model #7444 Singer Sewing Machine. The Singer Sewing Machine Model 7444 comes with the ability to sew button holes and create more than 20 different stitch styles. It has a self-threading feature that simplifies the process of changing thread and operates efficiently on a wide variety of fabrics. Different fabrics...
Continue ReadingHow to Solve for the Second Base of a Trapezoid
05/19/2011
How to Solve for the Second Base of a Trapezoid. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral, or four-sided shape, with two parallel sides, or bases. None of the sides or angles is required to be equal to another. If you know the measurements of one base, the height and the area (A) of the trapezoid, you can calculate the length of the other base. Using the...
Continue ReadingThe Difference Between Pharaoh Quail Vs. Bobwhite Quail
05/18/2011
The Difference Between Pharaoh Quail Vs. Bobwhite Quail. Quail, small migratory birds, are found throughout the world. They are popular among game hunters and commonly bred for sale to restaurants, grocery stores, gun dog training facilities and hunting preserves. Pharaoh quail and bobwhite quail are two types commonly found both in the wild and on...
Continue ReadingDifferent Kinds of Dalmatians
05/18/2011
Different Kinds of Dalmatians. Purebred dalmatians, sometimes known as carriage dogs or firehouse dogs, are most often recognized as medium-to-large white dogs with black spots. Their spotting, however, can take a variety of colors and patterns. The increasing trend toward hybrid dogs has led the Dog Registry of America and the International...
Continue ReadingHow to Make an Edible Animal Cell Using Cake
05/17/2011
How to Make an Edible Animal Cell Model. Cells are the basic building blocks of life. Although tiny, cells are complex structures. Making an edible animal cell model is an engaging and delicious way to learn the various parts of the cell.
Continue ReadingTwo Types of Cell Division Cycles
05/17/2011
Two Types of Cell Division Cycles. Cellular reproduction follows one of two cell division cycles: mitosis or meiosis. A cell reproducing through mitosis splits in two, following a series of steps that lead to the creation of two identical daughter cells. Only one cell is required to reproduce in this manner, and all cells created through mitosis...
Continue ReadingHow to Explain the Parasite-Host Relationship
05/13/2011
How to Explain the Parasite-Host Relationship. Teachers of both macrobiology and microbiology are likely to come across symbiotic relationships in their curriculum. Symbiotic relationships are divided into three main categories: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. Mutualism and parasitism are most commonly taught in the high school curriculum....
Continue ReadingCrafts & Projects for Preschoolers for One Hundred Days of School
04/16/2011
Crafts & Projects for Preschoolers for One Hundred Days of School. Many preschools and elementary schools hold celebrations on the 100th day of school. These celebrations provide the perfect opportunity for crafts, projects and activities that are both educational and fun. With preschool students, read-alouds, artwork and craft activities are an...
Continue ReadingHow to Make a Simple Adjustable Periscope
04/11/2011
How to Make a Simple Adjustable Periscope. Periscopes can enable you to see around corners, spy over walls or even see behind you without turning around. Complex periscopes may involve prisms or elaborate mirrors, optical coatings or housings and sights, but a simple periscope requires only two mirrors and a frame. Building a periscope requires a...
Continue ReadingHow to Learn to Read & Write With Developmentally Appropriate Practices
03/19/2011
How to Learn to Read & Write With Developmentally Appropriate Practices. Making the association between letters on a page and the thoughts and ideas we would like to express can be an exciting revelation for a young child. However, there are also some frustrations that a young child often experiences as she learns to read and write. Selecting...
Continue ReadingInstructions for IRS Form 7004
03/12/2011
Instructions for IRS Form 7004. Individuals and businesses that find the need to request more time to complete their tax returns can receive extensions from the IRS if they file the proper forms. IRS form 7004 can give your business a five or six month extension of time to file. The type of tax forms you must use for your return will determine...
Continue Reading1984 Honda Cr500 Specs
12/20/2010
1984 Honda Cr500 Specs. If you are considering buying a 1984 Honda CR500, you may want to know a little more information about it. Due to the age of the 1984 Honda CR500, it is considered a collector's bike. Sometimes it can be difficult to find the specifications of the engine and other details about collectible motorcycles; however, this...
Continue ReadingSpecifications for a Can-Am 400 Outlander
12/14/2010
Specifications for a Can-Am 400 Outlander. The Can-Am 400 is a powerful all terrain vehicle, or ATV. If you are interested in buying one for yourself or a friend, you will need to know a little about it. Knowing how it stands up to its competitors is crucial in making the right decision when selecting a motorcycle, ATV or any other automobile. The...
Continue ReadingTips on Flat Panel Monitors
12/11/2010
Tips on Flat Panel Monitors. Understanding which flat panel monitor is right for you is an important part of choosing the right one. Most computer screens now are flat panel monitors. When you look at the specifications on the box you may find some of them to be a little confusing. Understanding the jargon, key features and differences between...
Continue ReadingHow to Adjust Computer Monitor Stands
10/11/2010
How to Adjust Computer Monitor Stands. The two most common styles of computer monitors used today are the CRT monitor (the traditional boxy screen) and the flat screen monitor (including plasma, LCD and LED). Both monitor stands can, generally, be adjusted in various directions to give the user a better viewing angle, although the flat screen...
Continue ReadingSpecifications on the 2007 Dodge 6.1 L Hemi
10/06/2010
Specifications on the 2007 Dodge 6.1 L Hemi. Since 1951 Chrysler has been offering a series of V8 internal combustion engines commonly known as the hemi. In 2005 it began offering a 6.1-liter hemi in select Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep vehicles.
Continue ReadingWhat Is Included in Gross Income From an S Corp?
09/28/2010
What Is Included in Gross Income From an S Corp? Gross income for an S corporation is calculated by adding any income from interest, stocks, dividends, rents or royalties to the total of all monies received on receipts or sales, and subtracting the cost of any of the goods sold.
Continue Reading